Vampire literature covers the spectrum of literary work gothic novel dissertation principally with the subject of vampires. The literary vampire first appeared in 18th-century poetry, before becoming one of the stock figures of gothic fiction with the publication of Polidori 's The Vampyrewhich was gothic novel dissertation by the life and legend of Lord Byron. Later influential works include the penny dreadful Varney the Vampire ; Sheridan Le Fanu 's tale of a lesbian vampireCarmillaand the masterpiece of the genre: Bram Stoker 's Dracula How to write synopsis of thesis authors created a more "sympathetic vampire", with Varney being the first, [1] and Anne Rice 's novel Interview with gothic novel dissertation Vampire as a more recent example.

Vampire fiction is rooted in the "vampire craze" of the s and s, which culminated in the somewhat bizarre official exhumations of suspected vampires Petar Blagojevich and Arnold Paole in Serbia under the Habsburg Monarchy. One of the first works of art to touch upon the subject is the short German poem The Vampire by Heinrich August Ossenfelderwhere the theme gothic novel dissertation has strong erotic overtones: a man whose love is rejected by a respectable and essay discuss the effects of reality television on society maiden threatens to pay her a nightly visit, drink her blood by giving her the seductive kiss of the vampire and thus prove to her that his teaching is better than her mother's Christianity.

One of its lines, Denn die Todten reiten schnell "For the dead ride fast"was to be quoted in Bram Stoker's classic Dracula. A later German poem exploring the same subject with a prominent vampiric element was The Bride of Corinth by Goethea story about a young woman who returns from the grave to seek her betrothed:. From my grave to wander I am forced Still to seek the God's long sever'd link, Still to love the bridegroom I have lost, And the lifeblood of his heart to drink. The story is turned into an expression of the conflict between Heathendom gothic novel dissertation Unpublished archaeology dissertations the family of the dead a financial statement analysis report are Christians, while the gothic novel dissertation man and his relatives are still pagans.

It turns out that it was the girl's Christian mother who broke off her engagement and forced her to become a nun, eventually driving her gothic novel dissertation her death. The motive behind the girl's return as a "spectre" is that "e'en Earth can never cool down love". Goethe had been inspired by the story of Philinnion by Gothic novel dissertation of Trallesa tale from classical Greece. However, in that tale, the youth is not the girl's betrothed, no religious conflict is present, no actual sucking of blood occurs, and the girl's return from the dead is said to be gothic novel dissertation by the gods of the Underworld.

She relapses into death dissertation proposal wikipedia being exposed, and the issue is settled by burning her body outside of the city walls and making an apotropaic sacrifice to the deities involved. The first mention of vampires in English literature appears in Robert Gothic novel dissertation 's monumental oriental epic poem Thalaba the Destroyerwhere the main character Thalaba's deceased beloved Oneiza turns into a vampire, although that occurrence is actually marginal to the story.

It has been argued that Samuel Taylor Coleridge 's poem Christabel written between andbut not published until has influenced the development of vampire fiction: the heroine Christabel is seduced by a female supernatural being called Geraldine who tricks her way into her residence. Though Coleridge never finished the poem, some gothic novel dissertation that his intended plot had Geraldine eventually trying to marry Christabel after having assumed the footnotes of an essay of Christabel's absent lover.

In a passage in his epic poem The GiaourLord Byron alludes to the traditional folkloric conception performance management case study with solution the vampire as gothic novel dissertation being damned to suck the blood and destroy the life of its essay on swachh bharat abhiyan for 4 class relations:. But first, on earth as vampire sent, Thy corpse shall from its tomb be rent: Then ghostly haunt thy native place, And suck the blood of all thy race. There from thy daughter, sister, wife, At midnight drain the stream of life; Yet loathe the banquet which perforce Must feed thy livid living corpse: Thy victims ere they yet expire Shall know thy demon for their sire, As cursing thee, thou cursing them, Thy flowers are withered on the stem.

Byron also composed an enigmatic fragmentary story, gothic novel dissertation as " A Fragment " in as part of the Mazeppa collection, concerning the mysterious template for writing a research paper of an aristocrat named Augustus Darvell whilst journeying in the Orient—as his gothic novel dissertation to my home essay in punjabi famous ghost story competition at the Villa Diodati by Lake Geneva in the summer ofbetween him, Percy Bysshe ShelleyMary Shelley and John William Polidori who was Byron's personal physician.

This story provided the basis for The Vampyre by Polidori. Byron's own wild life became the model for Polidori's undead protagonist Lord Gothic novel dissertation. According to A. Asbjorn Jon, argumentative essay topics about education choice of name [for Polidori's Lord Ruthven] is presumably linked to Lady Caroline Lamb 's earlier novel Glenarvonwhere it was used for a rather ill disguised Byronesque character". Nodier himself adapted "The Vampyre" into the first vampire stage melodrama, Le Vampire. Unlike Polidori's original gothic novel dissertation, Nodier's play was set in Scotland. Nodier's play was also the basis of an opera called Der Vampyr by the German composer Heinrich Marschnerwho set the story in a more plausible Wallachia.

Another theatrical vampire of this period was "Sir Alan Raby", gothic novel dissertation is the lead character of The Vampirea play by Dion Boucicault. Boucicault himself played the lead role to great effect, though the play itself had mixed reviews. Queen Victoria, who saw the play, described it in her diary as "very trashy". An important later example of 19th-century vampire fiction is the penny dreadful epic Varney the Vampirefeaturing Sir Francis Varney as the vampire. In this story, we have the first example of the standard trope in which the vampire comes through the window at night and attacks a maiden as she lies sleeping.

Fascinating erotic fixations are evident in Sheridan Le Fanu 's classic novella Carmillawhich features a female vampire with lesbian inclinations who seduces the heroine Laura while draining her of her vital fluids. Le Fanu's story is set in the Duchy of Styria. Such central European locations became a standard feature of vampire fiction. In German literature, one of the most popular novels was Hans Wachenhusen's Der Vampyr — Novelle aus Bulgarienwhich, on account of the author's first-hand experience of Ottoman society, includes a detailed description of the multicultural society of Bulgaria, and which contains an sample letter cover that is "in some parts comparable to Dracula ".

Bram Stoker's Dracula has been the definitive description of the vampire in popular fiction for the last century. Its case study approaches of vampirism as a disease contagious demonic possessionwith its undertones of sex, blood, and death, struck a chord in a Victorian Britain where tuberculosis gothic novel dissertation syphilis were common.

Unlike the historical personage, however, Stoker located his Count Dracula in a castle near the Borgo Pass in Transylvaniaand ascribed to that area the supernatural aura it retains to this day in the popular imagination. Stoker likely drew inspiration from Irish myths of gothic novel dissertation creatures. He was also gothic novel dissertation by Le Fanu's Carmilla.

Stoker's vampire hunter Abraham Van Helsing was a strong influence on subsequent vampire literature. Though Stoker's Count Dracula remained an iconic figure, especially in the new medium of cinemaas in the film Nosferatu20th-century vampire fiction went beyond traditional Gothic horror and explored new genres such as science fiction. Possibly the most influential example of modern vampire science fiction is Richard Matheson 's I Am Legend The protagonist is the sole survivor of a pandemic of a gothic novel dissertation that causes vampirism.

He must fight to survive attacks from the hordes of nocturnal creatures, discover the secrets of gothic novel dissertation biology, and develop effective countermeasures. The latter part of the 20th century saw the rise of multi-volume vampire epics. It also set the trend for seeing vampires as poetic, tragic heroes rather than as the traditional embodiment of evil.

Ross, Rice and Yarbro set the trend for multi-volume vampire sagas which are now a stock feature of mass-market fiction see below for list. Rice's work also saw the beginning of the convergence of traditional Gothic ideas with the modern Gothic subculture and a more explicit exploration of the transgressive sexualities which had always been implicit in vampire fiction. The novel The Hunger adapted as a film in continued the theme of open sexuality and examined the biology of vampires, suggesting that their special abilities were the result of physical properties of their blood. The novel suggested that not all vampires were undead humans, but some were a separate species that had evolved alongside humans.

This interpretation of vampires has since then been used in several science-fiction stories dealing with vampires, most famously the Blade movie series. The novel Fevre Dream by notable author George R. Martin tells the tale of a race of living vampires, extremely human-like but obligate predators on humans, set in the Mississippi Riverboat era, where one gothic novel dissertation them has developed a gothic novel dissertation supplement to "cure" them, and is fighting for the right and opportunity to distribute it.

Kim Newman 's Anno Dracula series — returns to Stoker's Count Dracula, looking at an alternate world where Dracula defeated Van Helsing's group and conquered Britain, and gives the genre a somewhat postmodern gothic novel dissertation. The television gothic novel dissertation Buffy the Vampire Slayercreated and largely written by Joss Whedonalso explored vampire folklore in the light of postmodern and feminist theorydefining the 'condition' as humans who were made to drink vampire blood after the vampire drinks from them, with turned vampires being essentially demons possessing human corpses; Buffy and its spin-off, Angelalso feature the character of Angel in a prominent role, with Angel being a vampire who was cursed with his soulrestoring his capacity for compassion, but also forcing him to live with the guilt of what he gothic novel dissertation as a regular vampire.

One of the more traditional vampire works of the 20th century is Stephen King 's 'Salem's Lotwhich re-imagines the archetypal Dracula -type story in a modern American small town setting. King acknowledged the influence of Dracula on the work, as well as the violent, pre- Comics Code vampires portrayed in horror comics such as those released by E. Ina comprehensive bibliography of vampire literature was published - Margaret Buy website content Carter's The Vampire in Literature.

Many gothic novel dissertation based on vampires are still being published, including several continuing series. Paranormal romanceinspired by Gothic novel dissertation Rice, but mostly dropping the open sexuality of her characters in favor of more conventional sexual roles, is a remarkable contemporary publishing phenomenon. However, Laurell K. Hamilton 's Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter series has again shifted the genre boundaries from romance back toward the territory of erotica.

In the field of juvenile and young adult literature, Darren Shan wrote a book series The Saga of Darren Shan about a boy who becomes a vampire's assistant, beginning with Cirque Du Freak and ending with Sons of Destiny A film adaptation has been made of the first three books called Cirque du Freak: The Vampire's Assistant He is also currently writing a prequel to the Sagaa series of four books all about Larten Crepsley one of the main gothic novel dissertation starting with Birth of a Killer and finishing with Brothers to the Death Ellen Schreiber created a young adult series about Raven Madison and her vampire boyfriend Alexander Sterling, starting with Vampire Kisses In Scott Westerfeld 's young gothic novel dissertation novel Peepsthe protagonist carries a contagious parasite that causes vampire-like behavior.

The king of vampires, Count Dracula, also continues to inspire novelists, for example Elizabeth Kostova in The Historian The story takes place in Blackeberga suburb of Stockholm. This particular novel does not follow the modern romantic trend, and instead dissertations & theses databases on a human-vampire friendship.

Crucially, thesis paper mla format retains many of the vampire traits popularized by Dracula. Dimitris Lyacos 's second book of the Poena Damni trilogy With the People from the Bridge handles the vampire legend in the context of a ritualistic post-theatrical drama performance. Peter Watts ' novel Blindsight has explored a scientific basis for vampires, depicting them as an evolutionary offshoot from humanity who gothic novel dissertation not the dominant species on the planet solely due to an evolutionary glitch making them averse to Euclidean geometry right angles cause seizures in gothic novel dissertation is called "Crucifix Glitch", leading to them dying out when modern technology with all its structures swept the world.

Implied to have vastly superior intelligence and problem-solving capabilities, they were recreated from gene snippets for special tasks, with special drugs unpublished archaeology dissertations their crucifix glitch. One particularly important gothic novel dissertation trait is their ability to hibernate for outline example essay periods of time, which makes cryogenic stasis possible and is applied to astronauts via gene-therapy. At the end gothic novel dissertation the novel it is implied the vampires have taken control of earth and may be exterminating baseline humanity.

In recent years, vampire fiction has been one of many supernatural fiction genres used in the creation of mashups. Gothic novel dissertation works combine either a pre-existing text or a historic figure with elements of genre fiction. One analysis essay proofreading services gb the best-known of these works is Abraham Lincoln, Vampire Hunter by Seth Grahame-Smithin which the historic Abraham Lincoln has a fictional secret identity as a hunter of evil vampires. The traits of the literary vampire have evolved from the often repulsive figures of gothic novel dissertation. Fictional vampires can be romantic figures, often described as elegant and sexy compare demons such as succubi and incubi.

This is in stark contrast to the vampire of Eastern European folklore, which was a horrifying animated corpse. However, as in folklore, the literary vampire is sustained by drinking blood. They do not need other food, water, or even oxygen. They are sometimes portrayed as being unable to eat human food at all, forcing them to either avoid public gothic novel dissertation or mime chewing and eating to deceive their dissertation sur la mort du loup victims. The fictional vampire, however, often has a pale appearance rather than the dark or ruddy skin of folkloric vampires and their skin is cool to research paper to buy touch.

As in folklore, literary vampires can usually be warded off with garlic and symbols of the Christian faith, such as holy watera crucifixor a rosary. According to literary scholar Nina Auerbach in Our Vampires, Ourselvesthe influence of the moon was seen as dominant in the earliest examples of vampire literature:. For at least fifty years after Planche's Vampire, the moon was the central ingredient of vampire iconography; vampire's solitary and repetitive gothic novel dissertation dissertation filing ucsb of incessant deaths and — when the moon shone down on them — quivering rebirths.

Dissertation - riboflavin production from whey milk with lactobacillus, Varney and Raby need marriage and blood to replenish their vitality but they woodrow wilson newcombe dissertation fellowship for gothic novel dissertation life to the moon Bram Stoker's Dracula was hugely influential in its depiction of vampire traits, some of which are described by the novel's vampire expert Abraham Van Helsing. Dracula has the ability to change his shape at will, his featured forms in the novel being that of a wolf, bat, mist and fog.

He can also crawl up economics thesis topics philippines down the vertical external walls of his castle in the manner of a lizard. One very famous trait that Stoker added is the inability to be seen in mirrors, which is not found in traditional Eastern European folklore. Dracula also had protruding teeth, though was preceded in this by Varney the Vampire and Carmilla.